Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes: rol del pediatra: recomendaciones de la Rama de Adolescencia de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría / Eating disorders in adolescents: role of the pediatrician: recommendations of the Adolescence Branch of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) han adquirido relevancia en la pediatría chilena. Su tratamiento debe ser realizado, de preferencia, por equipos multidisciplinarios especializados o con alto grado de capacitación en la problemática. Sin embargo, los pediatras generales tienen un rol fundamental tanto en la prevención como en la pesquisa temprana de estas patologías. El objetivo de esta publicación es proporcionarles recomendaciones prácticas sobre las intervenciones que pueden llevar a cabo durante la atención de adolescentes, para la prevención de los TCA, la pesquisa precoz y evaluación de quienes ya los presentan, y su derivación oportuna a tratamiento especializado.

Eating disorders (ED) have become relevant in Chilean pediatrics. Their treatment must be prefe rably carried out by multidisciplinary teams with specialty or a high degree of training in the pro blem. However, general pediatricians have a fundamental role both in the prevention and in the early detection of these pathologies. The purpose of this publication is to provide them with practical recommendations on interventions that can be carried out during adolescent care for the prevention of ED, the early detection and evaluation of those who already have them, and their timely referral to specialized treatment.

Critical incidents involving Semiology during practical activities of nursing undergraduates / Incidentes críticos involucrando Semiología en las actividades prácticas de estudiantes de enfermería / Incidentes críticos envolvendo Semiologia nas atividades práticas de graduandos de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify critical incidents (situations, behaviors and feelings) during practical activities, involving knowledge and skills related to the discipline of Semiology and Semiotics. Method: Descriptive research using the critical incident technique, with the Snow Ball technique for the selection of participants and an instrument for collection of data. The reports were categorized according to the elements of the critical incident (situations, behaviors and feelings). Results: A total of 62 reports from senior (n = 46), sophomore and junior (n = 16) students were analyzed. The students were predominantly female (90.3%). The majority described a situation of a physical examination, expressed mastery of the skills necessary for the activity and reported positive feelings. Conclusion: The reports showed that the knowledge and skills acquired in the discipline allowed for a development of practical activities with familiarity and positive feelings. The importance that the students attribute to the recognition of the activities by the professor, the patient and family stands out.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los incidentes críticos (situación, comportamientos y sentimientos) durante las actividades prácticas, involucrando conocimientos y habilidades relacionadas a la disciplina de Semiología y Semiotecnia. Método: se trata de una investigación descriptiva utilizando la técnica del incidente crítico, con reclutamiento mediante el método Bola de Nieve (Snow Ball) y levantamiento de datos por medio del instrumento. Los informes se categorizaron según los elementos del incidente crítico (situaciones, comportamientos y sentimientos). Resultados: Se analizaron 62 informes de alumnos concluyentes (n=46) e intermediarios (n=16), predominantemente del sexo femenino (90,3%). La mayoría relató la situación del examen físico, manifestando el dominio de las competencias para el desempeño de la actividad con sentimientos positivos. Conclusiones: Los informes destacaron que el conocimiento y las habilidades aprendidas en la disciplina posibilitaron el desempeño con familiaridad de las actividades prácticas y trajeron sentimientos positivos. Cabe destacar la importancia que los alumnos atribuyen a la valorización de las actividades desarrolladas, tanto por el profesor como por el paciente o acompañante.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os incidentes críticos (situação, comportamentos e sentimentos) durante atividades práticas, envolvendo conhecimentos e habilidades relacionados à disciplina de Semiologia e Semiotécnica. Método: Pesquisa descritiva que utilizou a técnica de incidente crítico, com recrutamento pela técnica de Snow Ball e coleta de dados por meio de instrumento. Os relatos foram categorizados segundo os elementos do incidente crítico (situações, comportamentos e sentimentos). Resultados: Foram analisados 62 relatos de alunos concluintes (n=46) e intermediários (n=16), predominantemente do sexo feminino (90,3%). A maioria retratou a situação de exame físico, manifestando o domínio das competências para o desempenho da atividade e referiu relato de sentimentos positivos. Conclusões: Os relatos retrataram que o conhecimento e as habilidades aprendidas na disciplina possibilitaram o desempenho com familiaridade das atividades práticas e sentimentos positivos. Destaca-se a importância que os alunos atribuem à valorização das atividades desenvolvidas, tanto pelo professor quanto pelo paciente ou acompanhante.

Ambiente de análise integrada para Movement Assessment Battery for Children / Ambiente de análisis integrada para Movement Assessment Battery for Children / Integrated analysis environment for the Movement Assessment Battery for Children

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), a chronic and usually permanent condition found in children, is characterized by motor impairment that interferes with a child's activities of daily living and with academic achievement. One of the most popular tests for the quantitative diagnosis of DCD is the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Based on the Battery's standardized scores, it is possible to identify children with typical development, children at risk of developing DCD, and children with DCD. This article describes a computational system we developed to assist with the analysis of results obtained in the MABC test. The tool was developed for the web environment and its database provides integration of MABC data. Thus, researchers around the world can share data and develop collaborative work in the DCD field. In order to help analysis processes, our system provides services for filtering data to show more specific sets of information and present the results in textual, table, and graphic formats, allowing easier and more comprehensive evaluation of the results.

O Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC), uma condição crônica e, geralmente, encontrada em crianças, é caracterizado por comprometimento motor que interfere nas atividades de vida diária de uma criança e em seu desempenho acadêmico. Um dos testes mais populares para o diagnóstico quantitativo do TDC é a bateria Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Com base em escores padronizados da bateria, é possível identificar as crianças com desenvolvimento típico, crianças com risco de desenvolver o TDC e crianças com TDC. Este artigo descreve um sistema computacional que desenvolvemos para ajudar com a análise dos resultados obtidos na bateria MABC. A ferramenta foi desenvolvida para o ambiente web e sua base de dados fornece integração dos dados da MABC. Assim, pesquisadores de todo o mundo podem compartilhar dados e desenvolver trabalho colaborativo na área do TDC. A fim de ajudar os processos de análise, nosso sistema fornece serviços de filtragem de dados para mostrar conjuntos mais específicos de informação e apresentar os resultados em formato de texto, tabela e gráficos, permitindo a avaliação mais fácil e mais abrangente dos resultados.

Trastorno del Desarrollo de la Coordinación (TDC), una condición permanente crónica y generalment se encuentran en los niños, se caracteriza por alteraciones motoras que interfiere con las actividades de la vida diaria de un niño y con el rendimiento académico. Una de las pruebas más populares para el diagnóstico cuantitativo del TDC es la batería Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). En base a los puntajes estandarizados de la batería, es posible identificar a los niños con un desarrollo típico, los niños en situación de riesgo de desarrollar TDC, y los niños con TDC. En este artículo se describe un sistema computacional que hemos desarrollado para ayudar en el análisis de los resultados obtenidos en la prueba MABC. La herramienta fue desarrollada para el ambiente web y su base de datos proporciona integración de datos MABC. Por lo tanto, los investigadores de todo el mundo pueden compartir datos y desarrollar el trabajo de colaboración en el campo de TDC. Con el fin de ayudar a los procesos de análisis, nuestro sistema ofrece servicios de filtrado de datos para mostrar los conjuntos más específicos de información y presentar los resultados en formatos del texto, tablas y gráficos, lo que permite la evaluación más fácil y más completa de los resultados.

Análise da validade de critério da Avaliação da Coordenação e Destreza Motora: ACOORDEM para crianças de 7 e 8 anos de idade / Criterion validity of the Motor Coordination and Dexterity Assessment: MCDA for 7- and 8-years old children

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC) se caracteriza por prejuízo no desenvolvimento da coordenação motora, com impacto nas atividades de vida diária e desempenho acadêmico. A Avaliação da Coordenação e Destreza Motora (ACOORDEM) vem sendo criada para oferecer aos profissionais de reabilitação brasileiros instrumentação confiável e válida para detecção do TDC. OBJETIVO: Examinar a validade de critério da ACOORDEM. MÉTODOS: Cento e oitenta e uma crianças de 7 e 8 anos da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, pré-selecionadas pelo Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-Brasil), foram avaliadas com a ACOORDEM e com o Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-II). A validade concorrente foi avaliada pelo índice de Correlação de Spearman e a validade preditiva, pelos valores de sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), valor de predição positivo (VPP) e valor de predição negativo (VPN). Curvas ROC foram realizadas para determinar o ponto de corte ótimo da ACOORDEM. RESULTADOS: A Correlação de Spearman entre os escores totais da ACOORDEM e do MABC-II foi de 0,596 (p=0,000) aos 7 e 0,730 (p=0,000) aos 8 anos. O ponto de corte da ACOORDEM definido pelas curvas ROC se aproximou do percentil 40, o que corresponde a S de 0,91 e 0,74 e E de 0,74 e 0,90 aos 7 e 8 anos, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Resultados apontam valores moderados de validade concorrente e preditiva da ACOORDEM. Estudos futuros devem reexaminar os pontos de corte da ACOORDEM em amostra aleatória, representativa de crianças brasileiras de 4 a 8 anos de idade. A validade preditiva para TDC do instrumento completo deve ser reexaminada em amostras clínicas bem definidas.

BACKGROUND: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by impaired development of motor coordination, with impact on daily life activities and academic performance. The Motor Coordination and Dexterity Assessment (MCDA) was created to offer Brazilian rehabilitation professionals a valid and reliable instrument for detecting DCD. OBJECTIVE: To examine the MCDA criterion validity. METHODS: One hundred and eighty one children aged 7 and 8 years from the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, pre-selected using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-Brazil), were evaluated with the MCDA and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-II). Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman correlation index and the predictive validity was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. ROC curves were constructed to determine the optimal cutoff point of MCDA. RESULTS: Spearman correlation between the total scores of MCDA and MABC-II at 7 and 8 years were 0.596 (p=0.000) and 0.730 (p=0.000), respectively. The cutoff points defined by the ROC curves approached the 40th percentile, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.91 and 0.74 and specificity of 0.74 and 0.90 for children 7 and 8 years old, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results indicate moderate values of concurrent and predictive validity of the MCDA. Future studies should reexamine the cutoff points of the MCDA in other random samples, representative of Brazilian children 4 to 8 years of age. The predictive validity of the full instrument for DCD should be re-examined in well defined clinical samples.

Morte súbita em atletas: protocolos e rotinas adotados por clubes de futebol profissional em São Paulo / Sudden cardiac death in athletes: protocols and routines of professional soccer clubs in São Paulo

A morte súbita cardíaca em atletas não é um fato novo e nem isolado. Historicamente, ela atinge principalmente atletas jovens, tendo como maior incidência a cardiomiopatia hipertrófica. No ano de 2005, a Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte instituiu a Diretriz sobre a Morte Súbita no Exercício e no Esporte. A implementação dessas recomendações por clubes de futebol profissional poderá contribuir para detecção precoce de risco e prevenção de morte súbita nesses atletas. OBJETIVO: Identificar a adoção de protocolos e rotinas por clubes de futebol profissional quanto à avaliação pré-participação dos atletas e sua adequação à Diretriz. MÉTODO: Todos os clubes de futebol profissional do município de São Paulo pertencentes à Federação Paulista de Futebol foram avaliados através de entrevista com o médico responsável pelo Departamento Médico de cada clube, após aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e autorização do sujeito de pesquisa. As respostas foram submetidas à estatística descritiva e comparadas à Diretriz. RESULTADOS: Nenhum clube adota integralmente os exames sugeridos pela Diretriz; contudo, os exames como anamnese completa com enfoque cardiovascular, teste ergométrico e eletrocardiograma de repouso são realizados por todos. O ecocardiograma é realizado por 82,5 por cento dos clubes. CONCLUSÃO: Todos os clubes avaliados seguem um protocolo institucional que contempla parcialmente as recomendações da Diretriz. Sugere-se a integração entre os órgãos responsáveis pelo esporte no Brasil e parcerias privadas com o objetivo de diminuir o custo efetivo dos exames.

Sudden cardiac death in athletes is neither a new nor an isolated phenomenon. Historically, it mainly affects young athletes with a higher incidence as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In 2005, the Brazilian Society of Sports Medicine established the Guideline on Sudden Death in Exercise and Sports. The implementation of these recommendations by professional soccer clubs can contribute to early detection of risk and prevention of sudden cardiac death in these athletes. OBJECTIVE: To identify the adoption of protocols and routines by professional soccer clubs concerning the pre-participation evaluation of athletes and their suitability to the Guideline. METHOD: All professional football clubs in São Paulo, members of the São Paulo Soccer Federation, were evaluated through interviews with the doctor in charge of the Medical Department of each club, after the project has been approved by the Ethics in Research Committee and the subject under research provided his authorization. The answers were submitted to descriptive statistics and compared with the Guideline. RESULTS: No club fully adopts the tests suggested by the Guidelines; however, complete history and examination with focus on cardiovascular stress test and resting electrocardiogram are performed by all. Echocardiogram is performed by 82.5 percent of clubs. CONCLUSION: All clubs evaluated follow an institutional protocol that includes part of the recommendations of the Guideline. The integration between agencies responsible for sports in Brazil and private partnerships is suggested with the aim to reduce the effective cost of the examinations.

Eficiencia técnica de la atención al paciente con diabetes en el primer nivel / Technical efficiency in primary care for patients with diabetes

OBJETIVO: Cuantificar en un primer nivel la eficiencia técnica de la atención al paciente con diabetes y distinguir la provisión de servicios y los resultados en salud, además de reconocer las fuentes potenciales de variación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron insumos, actividades clínicas y resultados en salud de 47 clínicas familiares del IMSS Nuevo León. La medida de la eficiencia se realizó mediante el análisis envolvente de datos y se aplicaron modelos de regresión de Tobit. RESULTADOS: Siete clínicas fueron eficientes en cuanto a la provisión de servicios y nueve en salud; dos coincidieron en ambos aspectos. La localización metropolitana y el total de consultas favorecieron la eficiencia en relación con la provisión de servicios, cualesquiera que fueran los atributos del paciente; y la edad del médico, la eficiencia de los resultados en salud. CONCLUSIONES: El desempeño varió en una misma unidad y entre una y otra; algunas fueron eficientes para suministrar servicios y otras para mejorar la salud. Las fuentes de variación también difirieron. Se recomienda incluir ambos productos en el estudio de la eficiencia en diabetes en el primer nivel.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the technical efficiency of diabetes care in family practice settings, characterize the provision of services and health results, and recognize potential sources of variation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used data envelopment analysis with inputs and outputs for diabetes care from 47 family units within a social security agency in Nuevo Leon. Tobit regression models were also used. RESULTS: Seven units were technically efficient in providing services and nine in achieving health goals. Only two achieved both outcomes. The metropolitan location and the total number of consultations favored efficiency in the provision of services regardless of patient attributes; and the age of the doctor, the efficiency of health results. CONCLUSIONS: Performance varied within and among family units; some were efficient at providing services while others at accomplishing health goals. Sources of variation also differed. It is necessary to include both outputs in the study of efficiency of diabetes care in family practice settings.

Qualidade da avaliação da acuidade visual realizada pelos professores do programa " Olho no olho" da cidade de Marília, SP / Assessment of visual acuity evaluation performed by teachers of the \"Eye in eye\" program in Marília-SP, Brazil

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a qualidade e o ponto de corte (AV <0,7) da acuidade visual verificada pelos professores, nos escolares da rede municipal de Marília participantes do programa "Olho no olho". MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em 604 escolares (1.208 olhos), pertencentes às escolas municipais de Marília, SP, realizado através do exame feito pelos professores treinados para o programa comparando-o com o exame realizado pelos oftalmologistas, assumindo estes como o padrão-ouro para comparação. A análise foi feita por olhos examinados. Calculamos a sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), valor preditivo positivo (VPP), valor preditivo negativo (VPN) e razão de verossimilhança (RV). Comparamos as médias das AV encontradas pelos professores com as dos oftalmologistas e uma curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) foi gerada para avaliar se AV <0,7 foi o melhor valor para encaminhamento. RESULTADOS: A média da AV verificada pelos professores foi de 0,70 +/- 0,16 e a dos oftalmologistas foi de 0,88 +/- 0,2 com uma diferença entre as médias de 0,18 (p<0,0001). A S, E, VPP, VPN e RVP foram de: 82 por cento, 40 por cento, 27 por cento, 89 por cento e 1,37, respectivamente. As taxas de falso positivo e negativo foram de 59,5 por cento e 18 por cento, respectivamente. Na curva ROC AV <0,7 foi o melhor ponto para encaminhamento. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciamos a importância da participação dos professores na melhoria da saúde ocular escolar. O teste realizado pelos professores teve satisfatória S, com baixa E, VPN e valores elevados de falsos positivos. Nossos dados confirmam que o melhor valor de corte para encaminhamento foi o valor de AV < 0,7.

PURPOSE: To assess quality and cut-off point (VA <0.7) of the examinations performed by teachers to detect reduced visual acuity (VA) in schoolchildren participants of the project called "Eye in eye " in Marilia-SP, Brazil. METHODS: Visual acuity measurements were performed by trained teachers using Snellen's chart. The children with VA <0.7 in one of the eyes were referred to an ophthalmic examination. The ophthalmic examination was considered gold standard to assess quality and cut-off point of the examinations performed by teachers. VA test was performed in 604 schoolchildren of state public schools (1,208 eyes). Analyses were based on examined eyes. We calculated sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and likelihood rate (LR). We compared the means obtained by the teachers' examinations to means of the ophthalmologist's examinations. ROC curve was produced to evaluate whether VA lower than 0.7 is the best value for referral to an ophthalmic examination. RESULTS: VA means obtained by teachers and ophthalmologic examinations were 0.70 ± 0.16 and 0.88 ± 0.2 respectively. The difference between teachers' and ophthalmologists' examinations was 0.18 (p<0.0001). S, E, PPV, NPV e LR were: 82 percent, 40 percent, 27 percent, 89 percent and 1.37, respectively. False positive and negative rates were 59.5 percent and 18 percent. ROC curve evidenced that visual acuity of 0.7 was the best cut-off point to refer schoolchildren to an ophthalmic exam. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the importance of the teachers' participation in improved schoolchildren ocular health. The examination performed by teachers obtained a satisfactory S with low E, NPV and high values of false positive results. The best cut-off point to refer schoolchildren to an ophthalmic examination was VA of 0.7.

Evaluación de la utilidad del examen dermatológico completo de rutina en el consultorio / Evaluation of the usefullness of a complete dermatology exam in the outpatients department

Antecedentes: Exite gran controversia en cuanto a realizar examen dermatológico completo (EDC), ya que hay poca evidencia que lo justifique rotundamente. Por consiguiente: ¿"vale la pena" el EDC a un paciente que consulta or lesiones en uno o varios sitios en particular?. Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad del EDC de rutina en consultorio por medio de la cuantificación de los hallazgos incidentales significativos (dermatosis de importancia médica en sitios no referidos). Diseño: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes que concurrieron a la consulta por una lesión especifica en un o más sitios determinados. A todos los pacientes se les propuso un EDC. Se compararon los datos con prueba de chi cuadrado utilizando el análisis de tendencias con sus odds ratio para discriminar el riesgo por edad con el método de Mantel y Haenzel. Resultados. Entre los 300 pacientes revisados completamente hubo 124 con hallazgos incidentales de importancia (41.3%; IC95%; 34a49): a)14 pacientes con sospecha de tumor maligno (4.6%) b) 48 con lesiones premalignas (16%;IC95%: 11-21) c) 9 cuyos hallazgos en el resto del examen ayudaron a confirmar el diagnóstico y d) 53 con otros hallazgos incidentales de importancia (17%IC95%: 12-22). Conclusiones: El EDC fue de utilidad en la consulta ambulatoria debido a que se encontraron hallazgos incidentales de importancia médica y siendo alto el porcentaje de malignas.

Clinical examination of pregnant women by paramedical and medical personnel: an assessment of consistency of findings in a field study.

BACKGROUND: As a part of a project to improve the maternal and child health services in 4 primary health centres (PHCs) in Bellary and Raichur districts of Karnataka, we assessed the consistency in recording symptoms, signs and some clinical observations of pregnant women by three examiners-the junior health assistant, medical officer of the PHC and a private medical practitioner. METHODS: One hundred seventy-four pregnant women were examined independently by the three examiners on the same day for 4 symptoms reported by the women themselves, 4 signs assessed by the examining person and 9 simple clinical observations. Agreement rates in each examiner pair for each parameter were assessed. RESULTS: We found poor rates of agreement in assesment of various parameters by each observer pair. The disagreement rates were lower between the two doctors compared with those between the junior health assistant and each doctor. CONCLUSION: The agreement rates between various healthcare personnel in assessing pregnant women are low. There is a need for measures to correct this situation.

Accuracy and reliability of palpation and percussion for detecting hepatomegaly: a rural hospital-based study.

BACKGROUND: Palpation and percussion are standard bedside techniques used to diagnose hepatomegaly. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive and accurate method for measurement of liver size, but many patients in developing countries have limited access to it. We compared the accuracy of palpation and percussion in a rural population in central India, using ultrasonography as a reference standard. METHODS: The study design was a blinded, cross-sectional analysis of a hospital-based case series. Three physicians, blind to clinical data and to each other's results, independently used palpation and percussion to detect hepatomegaly. Diagnostic accuracy was measured by computing sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio values. Inter-physician agreement was assessed using the kappa statistic. RESULTS: Of the 180 study patients, 36 (20%) had enlarged liver on ultrasonography. The likelihood ratios for findings at both palpation (2.2, 3.0, and 2.5 for the three physicians, respectively) and percussion (1.1 for all three physicians) as predictors of true hepatomegaly were low. The kappa values for inter-observer agreement between three physicians for the presence of hepatomegaly at palpation (=0.44-0.53) and percussion (=0.17-0.33) were low, indicating poor reliability of these techniques. CONCLUSION: Clinical assessment of hepatomegaly by palpation and percussion lacks both accuracy and reliability.

Assessment of a breast cancer screening programme in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran

A breast cancer screening programme was evaluated for approximately 10,000 women aged 35 years and older. There were 67 cases of breast cancer. Highest rates of attendance were seen among younger women [35-44 years] and middle socioeconomic groups. Lowest rates were among those aged over 65 years and low socioeconomic groups. The rate of detection by self-examination was similar to that by health personnel examination. At all stages of screening, positive findings were most common among the high socioeconomic class. Attendance decreased steadily from first to last stages of serial screening. Although mammography is the most sensitive method of detection, because of its high cost we suggest establishing breast self-examination education programmes and encouraging women to self-examine

Medical certification in respect of alleged torture victims.

Torture is a global problem and affects a large number of people worldwide. The opinion of doctors in certifying various types of physical, and psychological injuries being caused accidentally or resulting from attempted suicide or by torture is very significant. A number of times, discrepancies between complaints and physical findings are noted. Meticulous examination is desirable in order to prove guilt or innocence.

Guía para la detección del maltrato y abuso sexual en niños y adolescentes en la atención de urgencia: parte II / Guide for detection maltreatment and sexual abuse in children and adolescents in emergency care: part II

En muchos casos de maltrato físico y abuso sexual de niños y adolescentes, el servicio de urgencia es el primer contacto del niño (y su familia) con un profesional de salud. Este contacto se da en un ambiente que suele ser tenso, donde las personas tienen una alta carga emocional. En estas circunstancias, se obtiene una información a menudo contradictoria e incoherente de las razones que motivan la atención y participan además del médico, personal técnico y carabineros. La situación es difícil de manejar. La información contenida en esta guía esta orientada a apoyar al médico de urgencias para resolver algunas de las dificultades y conflictos con que se enfrenta al momento de decidir la conducta a seguir cuando se tiene evidencia o sospecha de que el niño está siendo maltratado o abusado sexualmente. Puede ser de utilidad para que los servicios de urgencia optimicen su capacidad para detectar, registrar e implementar una respuesta eficaz frente a los casos de maltrato físico severo y abuso sexual en niños